While there are currently no requirements under the National Construction Code (NCC) for the storage or charging of lithium-ion batteries, fire risks associated with these batteries are a growing concern.
Lithium-ion batteries are integral to modern life, powering everything from smartphones to electric vehicles. However, their increasing prevalence has brought a surge in fire-related incidents across New South Wales. In 2023, Fire and Rescue NSW (FRNSW) recorded 272 lithium-ion battery fires, averaging over five incidents per week. By early 2024, this rate had risen to approximately 5.7 fires weekly, with several injuries reported.
What causes lithium ion battery fires?
E-Bikes and E-Scooters
Micromobility devices like e-bikes and e-scooters, which utilize high-capacity lithium-ion batteries, have been linked to numerous fires. Common causes include the use of incompatible chargers, DIY modifications, and charging devices near flammable materials or emergency exits. In one notable incident, an e-bike caught fire near the front door of a unit, blocking the exit and necessitating a rescue through a second-story window (video here).
Electric Vehicle Chargers
Electric vehicles (EVs) and their charging systems also pose fire risks if not properly managed. FRNSW advises EV owners to use chargers that bear the Australian Regulatory Compliance Mark and to avoid overcharging or using damaged equipment.
What should buildings be doing?
We get a lot of questions regarding the storage of electric vehicles and bikes (e.g. do we need to install a separate fire rated room to house these items when not in use?) and the answer is no. There are no requirements in the BCA regarding electric vehicles. As long as the vehicles are not impeding the paths of travel to an exit or other fire safety equipment, they will not impact your Annual Fire Safety Statement (AFSS).
Fire & Rescue NSW have put together some information about how to best protect yourself against lithium ion fires. A summary is provided here.
Use Certified Equipment: Always use chargers and batteries that display the Australian Regulatory Compliance Mark.
Avoid DIY Repairs: Repairs and modifications should be performed only by qualified professionals.
Charge Safely: Place devices on hard, non-flammable surfaces away from exits and flammable materials.
Monitor Charging: Do not leave devices charging unattended or overnight.
Dispose Properly: Recycle batteries at designated facilities to prevent environmental hazards.
In the event of a fire:
Evacuate the area/car and close doors if safe to do so to stop the spread of fire
Call 000 and request fire brigade plus ambulance if there are any injuries (burns over the size of a 20 cent piece must be treated in hospital)
If the event of smoking/overheating:
- Unplug the battery from the power source
- Avoid inhaling smoke/fumes
- If possible, move to an outside area and drop in a bucket of clean water or wet with hose if safe to do so
- Call 000 even if you no longer see visible smoke or flames. Battery fires can re-ignite.
For comprehensive guidelines and safety resources, visit the FRNSW Battery and Charging Safety page:
👉 https://www.fire.nsw.gov.au/batteries/
